Improvement in windmills



1LT. &. M. C. CHAPMAN..

WIND-MILL.

Patented Aug.15,1876.

MPEI'ERS, PHOTO-UTHDGHAPHER, WASHINGTON, D C4 UNITED .STATES PATENTOFFICE.

MATTHEW T. CHAPMAN AND MARK C. CHAPMAN, OF GALVA, ILLINOIS.

IMPROVEMENT IN WINDMILLS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 180,990, dated August15, 1876 application-tiled May 24, 187 6.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that we, MATTHEW T. CHAT- MAN andMARK G. CHAPMAN, of Galva, in the countyv of Henry and State ofIllinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inWindmills; Vand We do hereby declare thatthe following is a full, clear,and exact description thereof, which will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had'to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference markedthereon, which form a part of this specification.

. This invention relates to that class of windmills in which thewind-Wheel is held to the wind by a flexible tail-vaneV or rudder, whichpermits the wheel to be deflected from the direction of the wind byincrease in its velocity, and permits its return toward its normal position in relation to the direction of the wind as its velocitydecreases; and the invention consists, rst, in the use of one or moreweights placed in such relation to the wind-wheel that their tendency torecede from its axis ofY motion by an increase in its velocity orcentrifugal force may regulate the deiiexure ofthe Wind-wheel; second,in the use of a spring to return the centrifugal weights toward theirnormal position with diminishingvelocity of the wheel; third, in the useof a pulley on the wind-wheel shaft, connected by a cord with thetail-vane, and brought into frictional contact with the wind-Wheel hubby the centrifugal weights, for the purpose of deecting the Wheel whenthere is increased velocity of wind; and, fourth, in the use of a weightwith the last-named devices for returning the Windwheel toward its'.normal position as the wind decreases in velocity.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is 'a top view ofa windmillembodying our inven- V tion, the wind-wheel and its hub inv section.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged side elevation of the working parts, thewind-wheel removed, and its hub and the axle-boss shown in section. Fig.3 is a diminished front elevation of the Wind-wheel.

Referring to the parts by letters, A represents the hollowconical-shaped vertical axis, on which the mill rotates, and is mountedin suitable bearings in a frame, B, carried on the tower. (Not shown inthe drawings.) C is the wind-wheel, of that class having rigid or h'xedsails, and is rigidly attached to its shaft D, which is provided withsuitable bearings in standards a a, which project upward from the axisA. E E are sliding disks on the shaft D, one on each side of the wheelC, and are connected by rods e e, which pass through the boss cl. F is aloose pulley on the boss d, and between the hub o of the wheel C and thedisk E', so that when the disk E is drawn toward the wheel C the pulleyF will be brought into frictional contact with the wheel-hub. G G arebell-crank levers, pivoted at their angles to standards c', whichproject from the frame-work of the wheel C, so that one of their arms,g, rests against the face of the disk E, and from their other arms, g',rods h extend radially outward and through eyes h', projecting from thewheel-frame, and carry ou their outer ends the centrifugal weights H. Iis a spiral spring encircling the extended end of the shaft D, andplaced between a collar, c', and the disk E, so as to press the disk Etoward the wheel (l. I is a laterally-projecting arm from the axis A,and carries pulleys j j on its outer end. K is a cord, connected at oneend to the pulley F, and, passing around the pulley j, is connected atits other end to one side of the rudder L. The rudder or tailvane L ispivoted on an axis, l l', parallel with, but to one side of, the axis A;or it may be pivotally attached to axis A and rotated in a pathconcentric with said axis A. l is a brace for the rudder L, and m arestops, one on each side of the rudder-stein, and have sockets in theirends, in which are seated rubber bumpers m m. N is an arm projectingfrom the axis A, and connected with the vane L by au ordinary link, n,and weighted rod n. P is a cord, passing from one side of the rudder L,over the pulley j', and thence over a pulley, p, carried on the upperend of the axis A, and thence downward to near the ground, where itmaybe taken hold of to throw the'wheel out of the wind7 in the ordinarymanner. Q is the connecting-rod, receiving motion from a crank, d', onthe shaft D.

The operation is as follows: It is not deemed necessary to repeat herethe well-known principle of regulation of the speed ot' this class ofwindmills by the deflection of the wheel, as shown by dotted lines atFig. 1. The necessary detiexure is produced by our devices as follows,viz: Any increase of speed of the windwheel, from increased velocity ofthe wiud,will, by centrifugal force, throw the weights H outward, and,through the bellcrank levers G, press the disks E E' outward, andthereby draw the pulley F against the hub of the windwheel, and, byfrictional contact therewith, rotate said pulley with the wheel and windthe cord K thereon, shorten it, and thereby turn the wheel at an angleto the direction of the wind, and proportioned to its velocity, and,should the velocity be great enough, the frictional contact between thepulleyF and wheelhub will be suflicient to carry the wheel around untilits plane of rotation is parallel with the side of the vane L, and thewheel-edge to the Wind, and thereby entirely stop its rotation in galesor very high winds. The weighted rod n operates in the ordinary mannerto bring the parts back toward their normal position, when there is adecreasing force of wind. The bumper m strikes the projection 1' whenthe wheel is brought parallel with the rudder, and the bumper m strikesthe arm N when the Wheel is in its normal position, or at right anglesto the rudder.

What we claim as new is- 1. In a windmill having a rigid-sail wheel anda exible tail-vane or rudder, one or more centrifugal weights, H,combined to operate with the wind-wheel and tail-vane or rudder,substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

2. The spring I, arranged to operate with the disk E, bell-crank leversG, rods h, weights H, and wheel C, substantially as and for the purposespecified.

3. The friction-pulley F. arranged to oper- Y ate with the wind-wheel G,cord K, and ilexible tail-vane or rudder L, substantially as and for thepurpose specified.

4. The frictionpulley F, arranged to operate with the disks E E', rodse, bell-cranks Gr, rods h, weights H, wind-wheel C, cord K, and flexibletail-van? L, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

5. In a windrnil having a rigid-sail wheel and liexible tail-vane orrudder, the weighted rod n', combined to operate with one or morecentrifugal weights, H, and with the wheel and tail-vane, substantiallyas and for the purpose specified.

In testimony that we claim the foregoing as our own we affix oursignatures in presence of two witnesses.

Witnesses A. W. ALBER, Y

J. S. SMITH.

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